3 * Collection of all flags used through the GiNaC framework. */
6 * GiNaC Copyright (C) 1999-2021 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 * (at your option) any later version.
13 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 * GNU General Public License for more details.
18 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
28 /** Flags to control the behavior of expand(). */
29 class expand_options {
32 expand_indexed = 0x0001, ///< expands (a+b).i to a.i+b.i
33 expand_function_args = 0x0002, ///< expands the arguments of functions
34 expand_rename_idx = 0x0004, ///< used internally by mul::expand()
35 expand_transcendental = 0x0008 ///< expands transcendental functions like log and exp
39 /** Flags to control the behavior of has(). */
43 algebraic = 0x0001 ///< enable algebraic matching
47 /** Flags to control the behavior of subs(). */
51 no_pattern = 0x0001, ///< disable pattern matching
52 subs_no_pattern = 0x0001, // for backwards compatibility
53 algebraic = 0x0002, ///< enable algebraic substitutions
54 subs_algebraic = 0x0002, // for backwards compatibility
55 pattern_is_product = 0x0004, ///< used internally by expairseq::subschildren()
56 pattern_is_not_product = 0x0008, ///< used internally by expairseq::subschildren()
57 no_index_renaming = 0x0010,
58 // To indicate that we want to substitute an index by something that
59 // is not an index. Without this flag the index value would be
60 // substituted in that case.
61 really_subs_idx = 0x0020
65 /** Domain of an object */
75 /** Flags to control series expansion. */
76 class series_options {
79 /** Suppress branch cuts in series expansion. Branch cuts manifest
80 * themselves as step functions, if this option is not passed. If
81 * it is passed and expansion at a point on a cut is performed, then
82 * the analytic continuation of the function is expanded. */
83 suppress_branchcut = 0x0001
87 /** Switch to control algorithm for determinant computation. */
88 class determinant_algo {
91 /** Let the system choose. A heuristics is applied for automatic
92 * determination of a suitable algorithm. */
94 /** Gauss elimination. If \f$m_{i,j}^{(0)}\f$ are the entries of the
95 * original matrix, then the matrix is transformed into triangular
96 * form by applying the rules
98 * m_{i,j}^{(k+1)} = m_{i,j}^{(k)} - m_{i,k}^{(k)} m_{k,j}^{(k)} / m_{k,k}^{(k)}
100 * The determinant is then just the product of diagonal elements.
101 * Choose this algorithm only for purely numerical matrices. */
103 /** Division-free elimination. This is a modification of Gauss
104 * elimination where the division by the pivot element is not
105 * carried out. If \f$m_{i,j}^{(0)}\f$ are the entries of the
106 * original matrix, then the matrix is transformed into triangular
107 * form by applying the rules
109 * m_{i,j}^{(k+1)} = m_{i,j}^{(k)} m_{k,k}^{(k)} - m_{i,k}^{(k)} m_{k,j}^{(k)}
111 * The determinant can later be computed by inspecting the diagonal
112 * elements only. This algorithm is only there for the purpose of
113 * cross-checks. It is never fast. */
115 /** Laplace elimination. This is plain recursive elimination along
116 * minors although multiple minors are avoided by the algorithm.
117 * Although the algorithm is exponential in complexity it is
118 * frequently the fastest one when the matrix is populated by
119 * complicated symbolic expressions. */
121 /** Bareiss fraction-free elimination. This is a modification of
122 * Gauss elimination where the division by the pivot element is
123 * <EM>delayed</EM> until it can be carried out without computing
124 * GCDs. If \f$m_{i,j}^{(0)}\f$ are the entries of the original
125 * matrix, then the matrix is transformed into triangular form by
128 * m_{i,j}^{(k+1)} = (m_{i,j}^{(k)} m_{k,k}^{(k)} - m_{i,k}^{(k)} m_{k,j}^{(k)}) / m_{k-1,k-1}^{(k-1)}
130 * (We have set \f$m_{-1,-1}^{(-1)}=1\f$ in order to avoid a case
131 * distinction in above formula.) It can be shown that nothing more
132 * than polynomial long division is needed for carrying out the
133 * division. The determinant can then be read of from the lower
134 * right entry. This algorithm is rarely fast for computing
140 /** Switch to control algorithm for linear system solving. */
144 /** Let the system choose. A heuristics is applied for automatic
145 * determination of a suitable algorithm. */
147 /** Gauss elimination. If \f$m_{i,j}^{(0)}\f$ are the entries of the
148 * original matrix, then the matrix is transformed into triangular
149 * form by applying the rules
151 * m_{i,j}^{(k+1)} = m_{i,j}^{(k)} - m_{i,k}^{(k)} m_{k,j}^{(k)} / m_{k,k}^{(k)}
153 * This algorithm is well-suited for numerical matrices but generally
154 * suffers from the expensive division (and computation of GCDs) at
157 /** Division-free elimination. This is a modification of Gauss
158 * elimination where the division by the pivot element is not
159 * carried out. If \f$m_{i,j}^{(0)}\f$ are the entries of the
160 * original matrix, then the matrix is transformed into triangular
161 * form by applying the rules
163 * m_{i,j}^{(k+1)} = m_{i,j}^{(k)} m_{k,k}^{(k)} - m_{i,k}^{(k)} m_{k,j}^{(k)}
165 * This algorithm is only there for the purpose of cross-checks.
166 * It suffers from exponential intermediate expression swell. Use it
167 * only for small systems. */
169 /** Bareiss fraction-free elimination. This is a modification of
170 * Gauss elimination where the division by the pivot element is
171 * <EM>delayed</EM> until it can be carried out without computing
172 * GCDs. If \f$m_{i,j}^{(0)}\f$ are the entries of the original
173 * matrix, then the matrix is transformed into triangular form by
176 * m_{i,j}^{(k+1)} = (m_{i,j}^{(k)} m_{k,k}^{(k)} - m_{i,k}^{(k)} m_{k,j}^{(k)}) / m_{k-1,k-1}^{(k-1)}
178 * (We have set \f$m_{-1,-1}^{(-1)}=1\f$ in order to avoid a case
179 * distinction in above formula.) It can be shown that nothing more
180 * than polynomial long division is needed for carrying out the
181 * division. This is generally the fastest algorithm for solving
182 * linear systems. In contrast to division-free elimination it only
183 * has a linear expression swell. For two-dimensional systems, the
184 * two algorithms are equivalent, however. */
186 /** Markowitz-ordered Gaussian elimination. Same as the usual
187 * Gaussian elimination, but with additional effort spent on
188 * selecting pivots that minimize fill-in. Faster than the
189 * methods above for large sparse matrices (particularly with
190 * symbolic coefficients), otherwise slightly slower than
191 * Gaussian elimination.
197 /** Flags to store information about the state of an object.
198 * @see basic::flags */
202 dynallocated = 0x0001, ///< heap-allocated (i.e. created by new if we want to be clever and bypass the stack, @see ex::construct_from_basic() )
203 evaluated = 0x0002, ///< .eval() has already done its job
204 expanded = 0x0004, ///< .expand(0) has already done its job (other expand() options ignore this flag)
205 hash_calculated = 0x0008, ///< .calchash() has already done its job
206 not_shareable = 0x0010, ///< don't share instances of this object between different expressions unless explicitly asked to (used by ex::compare())
207 has_indices = 0x0020,
208 has_no_indices = 0x0040, // ! (has_indices || has_no_indices) means "don't know"
209 is_positive = 0x0080,
210 is_negative = 0x0100,
211 purely_indefinite = 0x0200 // If set in a mul, then it does not contains any terms with determined signs, used in power::expand()
215 /** Possible attributes an object can have. */
219 // answered by class numeric, add, mul, function and symbols/constants in particular domains
236 // answered by class relation
241 relation_less_or_equal,
243 relation_greater_or_equal,
245 // answered by class symbol
248 // answered by class lst
251 // answered by class exprseq
254 // answered by classes numeric, symbol, add, mul, power
259 crational_polynomial,
262 // answered by class indexed
263 indexed, // class can carry indices
264 has_indices, // object has at least one index
266 // answered by class idx
269 // answered by classes numeric, symbol, add, mul, power
272 // is meaningful for mul only
282 noncommutative_composite
286 /** Strategies how to clean up the function remember cache.
287 * @see remember_table */
288 class remember_strategies {
291 delete_never, ///< Let table grow undefinitely
292 delete_lru, ///< Least recently used
293 delete_lfu, ///< Least frequently used
294 delete_cyclic ///< First (oldest) one in list
298 /** Flags to control the polynomial factorization. */
299 class factor_options {
302 polynomial = 0x0000, ///< factor only expressions that are polynomials
303 all = 0x0001 ///< factor all polynomial subexpressions
309 #endif // ndef GINAC_FLAGS_H