3 * Interface to GiNaC's indices. */
6 * GiNaC Copyright (C) 1999-2021 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 * GNU General Public License for more details.
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20 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
31 /** This class holds one index of an indexed object. Indices can
32 * theoretically consist of any symbolic expression but they are usually
33 * only just a symbol (e.g. "mu", "i") or numeric (integer). Indices belong
34 * to a space with a certain numeric or symbolic dimension. */
35 class idx : public basic
37 GINAC_DECLARE_REGISTERED_CLASS(idx, basic)
41 /** Construct index with given value and dimension.
43 * @param v Value of index (numeric or symbolic)
44 * @param dim Dimension of index space (numeric or symbolic)
45 * @return newly constructed index */
46 explicit idx(const ex & v, const ex & dim);
48 // functions overriding virtual functions from base classes
50 bool info(unsigned inf) const override;
51 size_t nops() const override;
52 ex op(size_t i) const override;
53 ex map(map_function & f) const override;
54 ex evalf() const override;
55 ex subs(const exmap & m, unsigned options = 0) const override;
56 void archive(archive_node& n) const override;
57 void read_archive(const archive_node& n, lst& syms) override;
59 ex derivative(const symbol & s) const override;
60 bool match_same_type(const basic & other) const override;
61 unsigned calchash() const override;
63 // new virtual functions in this class
65 /** Check whether the index forms a dummy index pair with another index
66 * of the same type. */
67 virtual bool is_dummy_pair_same_type(const basic & other) const;
69 // non-virtual functions in this class
71 /** Get value of index. */
72 ex get_value() const {return value;}
74 /** Check whether the index is numeric. */
75 bool is_numeric() const {return is_exactly_a<numeric>(value);}
77 /** Check whether the index is symbolic. */
78 bool is_symbolic() const {return !is_exactly_a<numeric>(value);}
80 /** Get dimension of index space. */
81 ex get_dim() const {return dim;}
83 /** Check whether the dimension is numeric. */
84 bool is_dim_numeric() const {return is_exactly_a<numeric>(dim);}
86 /** Check whether the dimension is symbolic. */
87 bool is_dim_symbolic() const {return !is_exactly_a<numeric>(dim);}
89 /** Make a new index with the same value but a different dimension. */
90 ex replace_dim(const ex & new_dim) const;
92 /** Return the minimum of the dimensions of this and another index.
93 * If this is undecidable, throw an exception. */
94 ex minimal_dim(const idx & other) const;
97 void print_index(const print_context & c, unsigned level) const;
98 void do_print(const print_context & c, unsigned level) const;
99 void do_print_csrc(const print_csrc & c, unsigned level) const;
100 void do_print_latex(const print_latex & c, unsigned level) const;
101 void do_print_tree(const print_tree & c, unsigned level) const;
104 ex value; /**< Expression that constitutes the index (numeric or symbolic name) */
105 ex dim; /**< Dimension of space (can be symbolic or numeric) */
107 GINAC_DECLARE_UNARCHIVER(idx);
110 /** This class holds an index with a variance (co- or contravariant). There
111 * is an associated metric tensor that can be used to raise/lower indices. */
112 class varidx : public idx
114 GINAC_DECLARE_REGISTERED_CLASS(varidx, idx)
116 // other constructors
118 /** Construct index with given value, dimension and variance.
120 * @param v Value of index (numeric or symbolic)
121 * @param dim Dimension of index space (numeric or symbolic)
122 * @param covariant Make covariant index (default is contravariant)
123 * @return newly constructed index */
124 varidx(const ex & v, const ex & dim, bool covariant = false);
126 // functions overriding virtual functions from base classes
128 bool is_dummy_pair_same_type(const basic & other) const override;
129 void archive(archive_node& n) const override;
130 void read_archive(const archive_node& n, lst& syms) override;
132 bool match_same_type(const basic & other) const override;
134 // non-virtual functions in this class
136 /** Check whether the index is covariant. */
137 bool is_covariant() const {return covariant;}
139 /** Check whether the index is contravariant (not covariant). */
140 bool is_contravariant() const {return !covariant;}
142 /** Make a new index with the same value but the opposite variance. */
143 ex toggle_variance() const;
146 void do_print(const print_context & c, unsigned level) const;
147 void do_print_tree(const print_tree & c, unsigned level) const;
151 bool covariant; /**< x.mu, default is contravariant: x~mu */
153 GINAC_DECLARE_UNARCHIVER(varidx);
156 /** This class holds a spinor index that can be dotted or undotted and that
157 * also has a variance. This is used in the Weyl-van-der-Waerden formalism
158 * where the dot indicates complex conjugation. There is an associated
159 * (asymmetric) metric tensor that can be used to raise/lower spinor
161 class spinidx : public varidx
163 GINAC_DECLARE_REGISTERED_CLASS(spinidx, varidx)
165 // other constructors
167 /** Construct index with given value, dimension, variance and dot.
169 * @param v Value of index (numeric or symbolic)
170 * @param dim Dimension of index space (numeric or symbolic)
171 * @param covariant Make covariant index (default is contravariant)
172 * @param dotted Make covariant dotted (default is undotted)
173 * @return newly constructed index */
174 spinidx(const ex & v, const ex & dim = 2, bool covariant = false, bool dotted = false);
176 // functions overriding virtual functions from base classes
178 bool is_dummy_pair_same_type(const basic & other) const override;
179 // complex conjugation
180 ex conjugate() const override { return toggle_dot(); }
181 void archive(archive_node& n) const override;
182 void read_archive(const archive_node& n, lst& syms) override;
184 bool match_same_type(const basic & other) const override;
186 // non-virtual functions in this class
188 /** Check whether the index is dotted. */
189 bool is_dotted() const {return dotted;}
191 /** Check whether the index is not dotted. */
192 bool is_undotted() const {return !dotted;}
194 /** Make a new index with the same value and variance but the opposite
196 ex toggle_dot() const;
198 /** Make a new index with the same value but opposite variance and
200 ex toggle_variance_dot() const;
203 void do_print(const print_context & c, unsigned level) const;
204 void do_print_latex(const print_latex & c, unsigned level) const;
205 void do_print_tree(const print_tree & c, unsigned level) const;
211 GINAC_DECLARE_UNARCHIVER(spinidx);
216 /** Check whether two indices form a dummy pair. */
217 bool is_dummy_pair(const idx & i1, const idx & i2);
219 /** Check whether two expressions form a dummy index pair. */
220 bool is_dummy_pair(const ex & e1, const ex & e2);
222 /** Given a vector of indices, split them into two vectors, one containing
223 * the free indices, the other containing the dummy indices (numeric
224 * indices are neither free nor dummy ones).
226 * @param it Pointer to start of index vector
227 * @param itend Pointer to end of index vector
228 * @param out_free Vector of free indices (returned, sorted)
229 * @param out_dummy Vector of dummy indices (returned, sorted) */
230 void find_free_and_dummy(exvector::const_iterator it, exvector::const_iterator itend, exvector & out_free, exvector & out_dummy);
232 /** Given a vector of indices, split them into two vectors, one containing
233 * the free indices, the other containing the dummy indices (numeric
234 * indices are neither free nor dummy ones).
236 * @param v Index vector
237 * @param out_free Vector of free indices (returned, sorted)
238 * @param out_dummy Vector of dummy indices (returned, sorted) */
239 inline void find_free_and_dummy(const exvector & v, exvector & out_free, exvector & out_dummy)
241 find_free_and_dummy(v.begin(), v.end(), out_free, out_dummy);
244 /** Given a vector of indices, find the dummy indices.
246 * @param v Index vector
247 * @param out_dummy Vector of dummy indices (returned, sorted) */
248 inline void find_dummy_indices(const exvector & v, exvector & out_dummy)
250 exvector free_indices;
251 find_free_and_dummy(v.begin(), v.end(), free_indices, out_dummy);
254 /** Count the number of dummy index pairs in an index vector. */
255 inline size_t count_dummy_indices(const exvector & v)
257 exvector free_indices, dummy_indices;
258 find_free_and_dummy(v.begin(), v.end(), free_indices, dummy_indices);
259 return dummy_indices.size();
262 /** Count the number of dummy index pairs in an index vector. */
263 inline size_t count_free_indices(const exvector & v)
265 exvector free_indices, dummy_indices;
266 find_free_and_dummy(v.begin(), v.end(), free_indices, dummy_indices);
267 return free_indices.size();
270 /** Return the minimum of two index dimensions. If this is undecidable,
271 * throw an exception. Numeric dimensions are always considered "smaller"
272 * than symbolic dimensions. */
273 ex minimal_dim(const ex & dim1, const ex & dim2);
277 #endif // ndef GINAC_IDX_H