GiNaC 1.8.7
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This class holds an object representing an element of the Clifford algebra (the Dirac gamma matrices). More...
#include <clifford.h>
Public Member Functions | |
clifford (const ex &b, unsigned char rl=0) | |
Construct object without any indices. More... | |
clifford (const ex &b, const ex &mu, const ex &metr, unsigned char rl=0, int comm_sign=-1) | |
Construct object with one Lorentz index. More... | |
clifford (unsigned char rl, const ex &metr, int comm_sign, const exvector &v) | |
clifford (unsigned char rl, const ex &metr, int comm_sign, exvector &&v) | |
unsigned | precedence () const override |
Return relative operator precedence (for parenthezing output). More... | |
void | archive (archive_node &n) const override |
Save (serialize) the object into archive node. More... | |
void | read_archive (const archive_node &n, lst &sym_lst) override |
Load (deserialize) the object from an archive node. More... | |
unsigned char | get_representation_label () const |
ex | get_metric () const |
virtual ex | get_metric (const ex &i, const ex &j, bool symmetrised=false) const |
bool | same_metric (const ex &other) const |
int | get_commutator_sign () const |
size_t | nops () const override |
Number of operands/members. More... | |
ex | op (size_t i) const override |
Return operand/member at position i. More... | |
ex & | let_op (size_t i) override |
Return modifiable operand/member at position i. More... | |
ex | subs (const exmap &m, unsigned options=0) const override |
Substitute a set of objects by arbitrary expressions. More... | |
Public Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::indexed | |
indexed (const ex &b) | |
Construct indexed object with no index. More... | |
indexed (const ex &b, const ex &i1) | |
Construct indexed object with one index. More... | |
indexed (const ex &b, const ex &i1, const ex &i2) | |
Construct indexed object with two indices. More... | |
indexed (const ex &b, const ex &i1, const ex &i2, const ex &i3) | |
Construct indexed object with three indices. More... | |
indexed (const ex &b, const ex &i1, const ex &i2, const ex &i3, const ex &i4) | |
Construct indexed object with four indices. More... | |
indexed (const ex &b, const symmetry &symm, const ex &i1, const ex &i2) | |
Construct indexed object with two indices and a specified symmetry. More... | |
indexed (const ex &b, const symmetry &symm, const ex &i1, const ex &i2, const ex &i3) | |
Construct indexed object with three indices and a specified symmetry. More... | |
indexed (const ex &b, const symmetry &symm, const ex &i1, const ex &i2, const ex &i3, const ex &i4) | |
Construct indexed object with four indices and a specified symmetry. More... | |
indexed (const ex &b, const exvector &iv) | |
Construct indexed object with a specified vector of indices. More... | |
indexed (const ex &b, const symmetry &symm, const exvector &iv) | |
Construct indexed object with a specified vector of indices and symmetry. More... | |
indexed (const symmetry &symm, const exprseq &es) | |
indexed (const symmetry &symm, const exvector &v) | |
indexed (const symmetry &symm, exvector &&v) | |
unsigned | precedence () const override |
Return relative operator precedence (for parenthezing output). More... | |
bool | info (unsigned inf) const override |
Information about the object. More... | |
ex | eval () const override |
Perform automatic non-interruptive term rewriting rules. More... | |
ex | real_part () const override |
ex | imag_part () const override |
exvector | get_free_indices () const override |
Return a vector containing the free indices of an expression. More... | |
void | archive (archive_node &n) const override |
Save (a.k.a. More... | |
void | read_archive (const archive_node &n, lst &syms) override |
Read (a.k.a. More... | |
bool | all_index_values_are (unsigned inf) const |
Check whether all index values have a certain property. More... | |
exvector | get_indices () const |
Return a vector containing the object's indices. More... | |
exvector | get_dummy_indices () const |
Return a vector containing the dummy indices of the object, if any. More... | |
exvector | get_dummy_indices (const indexed &other) const |
Return a vector containing the dummy indices in the contraction with another indexed object. More... | |
bool | has_dummy_index_for (const ex &i) const |
Check whether the object has an index that forms a dummy index pair with a given index. More... | |
ex | get_symmetry () const |
Return symmetry properties. More... | |
Public Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::container< C > | |
container (STLT const &s) | |
container (STLT &&v) | |
container (exvector::const_iterator b, exvector::const_iterator e) | |
container (std::initializer_list< ex > il) | |
bool | info (unsigned inf) const override |
Information about the object. More... | |
unsigned | precedence () const override |
Return relative operator precedence (for parenthezing output). More... | |
size_t | nops () const override |
Number of operands/members. More... | |
ex | op (size_t i) const override |
Return operand/member at position i. More... | |
ex & | let_op (size_t i) override |
Return modifiable operand/member at position i. More... | |
ex | subs (const exmap &m, unsigned options=0) const override |
Substitute a set of objects by arbitrary expressions. More... | |
void | read_archive (const archive_node &n, lst &sym_lst) override |
Load (deserialize) the object from an archive node. More... | |
void | archive (archive_node &n) const override |
Archive the object. More... | |
container & | prepend (const ex &b) |
Add element at front. More... | |
container & | append (const ex &b) |
Add element at back. More... | |
container & | remove_first () |
Remove first element. More... | |
container & | remove_last () |
Remove last element. More... | |
container & | remove_all () |
Remove all elements. More... | |
container & | sort () |
Sort elements. More... | |
container & | unique () |
Remove adjacent duplicate elements. More... | |
const_iterator | begin () const |
const_iterator | end () const |
const_reverse_iterator | rbegin () const |
const_reverse_iterator | rend () const |
Public Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::basic | |
virtual | ~basic () |
basic destructor, virtual because class ex will delete objects of derived classes via a basic*. More... | |
basic (const basic &other) | |
const basic & | operator= (const basic &other) |
basic assignment operator: the other object might be of a derived class. More... | |
virtual basic * | duplicate () const |
Create a clone of this object on the heap. More... | |
virtual ex | eval () const |
Perform automatic non-interruptive term rewriting rules. More... | |
virtual ex | evalf () const |
Evaluate object numerically. More... | |
virtual ex | evalm () const |
Evaluate sums, products and integer powers of matrices. More... | |
virtual ex | eval_integ () const |
Evaluate integrals, if result is known. More... | |
virtual ex | eval_indexed (const basic &i) const |
Perform automatic symbolic evaluations on indexed expression that contains this object as the base expression. More... | |
virtual void | print (const print_context &c, unsigned level=0) const |
Output to stream. More... | |
virtual void | dbgprint () const |
Little wrapper around print to be called within a debugger. More... | |
virtual void | dbgprinttree () const |
Little wrapper around printtree to be called within a debugger. More... | |
virtual unsigned | precedence () const |
Return relative operator precedence (for parenthezing output). More... | |
virtual bool | info (unsigned inf) const |
Information about the object. More... | |
virtual size_t | nops () const |
Number of operands/members. More... | |
virtual ex | op (size_t i) const |
Return operand/member at position i. More... | |
virtual ex | operator[] (const ex &index) const |
virtual ex | operator[] (size_t i) const |
virtual ex & | let_op (size_t i) |
Return modifiable operand/member at position i. More... | |
virtual ex & | operator[] (const ex &index) |
virtual ex & | operator[] (size_t i) |
virtual bool | has (const ex &other, unsigned options=0) const |
Test for occurrence of a pattern. More... | |
virtual bool | match (const ex &pattern, exmap &repls) const |
Check whether the expression matches a given pattern. More... | |
virtual ex | subs (const exmap &m, unsigned options=0) const |
Substitute a set of objects by arbitrary expressions. More... | |
virtual ex | map (map_function &f) const |
Construct new expression by applying the specified function to all sub-expressions (one level only, not recursively). More... | |
virtual void | accept (GiNaC::visitor &v) const |
virtual bool | is_polynomial (const ex &var) const |
Check whether this is a polynomial in the given variables. More... | |
virtual int | degree (const ex &s) const |
Return degree of highest power in object s. More... | |
virtual int | ldegree (const ex &s) const |
Return degree of lowest power in object s. More... | |
virtual ex | coeff (const ex &s, int n=1) const |
Return coefficient of degree n in object s. More... | |
virtual ex | expand (unsigned options=0) const |
Expand expression, i.e. More... | |
virtual ex | collect (const ex &s, bool distributed=false) const |
Sort expanded expression in terms of powers of some object(s). More... | |
virtual ex | series (const relational &r, int order, unsigned options=0) const |
Default implementation of ex::series(). More... | |
virtual ex | normal (exmap &repl, exmap &rev_lookup, lst &modifier) const |
Default implementation of ex::normal(). More... | |
virtual ex | to_rational (exmap &repl) const |
Default implementation of ex::to_rational(). More... | |
virtual ex | to_polynomial (exmap &repl) const |
virtual numeric | integer_content () const |
virtual ex | smod (const numeric &xi) const |
Apply symmetric modular homomorphism to an expanded multivariate polynomial. More... | |
virtual numeric | max_coefficient () const |
Implementation ex::max_coefficient(). More... | |
virtual exvector | get_free_indices () const |
Return a vector containing the free indices of an expression. More... | |
virtual ex | add_indexed (const ex &self, const ex &other) const |
Add two indexed expressions. More... | |
virtual ex | scalar_mul_indexed (const ex &self, const numeric &other) const |
Multiply an indexed expression with a scalar. More... | |
virtual bool | contract_with (exvector::iterator self, exvector::iterator other, exvector &v) const |
Try to contract two indexed expressions that appear in the same product. More... | |
virtual unsigned | return_type () const |
virtual return_type_t | return_type_tinfo () const |
virtual ex | conjugate () const |
virtual ex | real_part () const |
virtual ex | imag_part () const |
template<class T > | |
void | print_dispatch (const print_context &c, unsigned level) const |
Like print(), but dispatch to the specified class. More... | |
void | print_dispatch (const registered_class_info &ri, const print_context &c, unsigned level) const |
Like print(), but dispatch to the specified class. More... | |
virtual void | archive (archive_node &n) const |
Save (serialize) the object into archive node. More... | |
virtual void | read_archive (const archive_node &n, lst &syms) |
Load (deserialize) the object from an archive node. More... | |
ex | subs_one_level (const exmap &m, unsigned options) const |
Helper function for subs(). More... | |
ex | diff (const symbol &s, unsigned nth=1) const |
Default interface of nth derivative ex::diff(s, n). More... | |
int | compare (const basic &other) const |
Compare objects syntactically to establish canonical ordering. More... | |
bool | is_equal (const basic &other) const |
Test for syntactic equality. More... | |
const basic & | hold () const |
Stop further evaluation. More... | |
unsigned | gethash () const |
const basic & | setflag (unsigned f) const |
Set some status_flags. More... | |
const basic & | clearflag (unsigned f) const |
Clear some status_flags. More... | |
Public Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::refcounted | |
refcounted () noexcept | |
unsigned int | add_reference () noexcept |
unsigned int | remove_reference () noexcept |
unsigned int | get_refcount () const noexcept |
void | set_refcount (unsigned int r) noexcept |
Protected Member Functions | |
ex | eval_ncmul (const exvector &v) const override |
Perform automatic simplification on noncommutative product of clifford objects. More... | |
bool | match_same_type (const basic &other) const override |
Returns true if the attributes of two objects are similar enough for a match. More... | |
ex | thiscontainer (const exvector &v) const override |
ex | thiscontainer (exvector &&v) const override |
unsigned | return_type () const override |
return_type_t | return_type_tinfo () const override |
void | do_print_dflt (const print_dflt &c, unsigned level) const |
void | do_print_latex (const print_latex &c, unsigned level) const |
void | do_print_tree (const print_tree &c, unsigned level) const |
Protected Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::indexed | |
ex | derivative (const symbol &s) const override |
Implementation of ex::diff() for an indexed object always returns 0. More... | |
ex | thiscontainer (const exvector &v) const override |
ex | thiscontainer (exvector &&v) const override |
unsigned | return_type () const override |
return_type_t | return_type_tinfo () const override |
ex | expand (unsigned options=0) const override |
Expand expression, i.e. More... | |
void | printindices (const print_context &c, unsigned level) const |
void | print_indexed (const print_context &c, const char *openbrace, const char *closebrace, unsigned level) const |
void | do_print (const print_context &c, unsigned level) const |
void | do_print_latex (const print_latex &c, unsigned level) const |
void | do_print_tree (const print_tree &c, unsigned level) const |
void | validate () const |
Check whether all indices are of class idx and validate the symmetry tree. More... | |
Protected Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::container< C > | |
ex | conjugate () const override |
ex | real_part () const override |
ex | imag_part () const override |
bool | is_equal_same_type (const basic &other) const override |
Returns true if two objects of same type are equal. More... | |
virtual ex | thiscontainer (const STLT &v) const |
Similar to duplicate(), but with a preset sequence. More... | |
virtual ex | thiscontainer (STLT &&v) const |
Similar to duplicate(), but with a preset sequence (which gets pilfered). More... | |
virtual void | printseq (const print_context &c, char openbracket, char delim, char closebracket, unsigned this_precedence, unsigned upper_precedence=0) const |
Print sequence of contained elements. More... | |
void | do_print (const print_context &c, unsigned level) const |
void | do_print_tree (const print_tree &c, unsigned level) const |
void | do_print_python (const print_python &c, unsigned level) const |
void | do_print_python_repr (const print_python_repr &c, unsigned level) const |
STLT | subschildren (const exmap &m, unsigned options=0) const |
Protected Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::basic | |
basic () | |
virtual ex | eval_ncmul (const exvector &v) const |
virtual bool | match_same_type (const basic &other) const |
Returns true if the attributes of two objects are similar enough for a match. More... | |
virtual ex | derivative (const symbol &s) const |
Default implementation of ex::diff(). More... | |
virtual int | compare_same_type (const basic &other) const |
Returns order relation between two objects of same type. More... | |
virtual bool | is_equal_same_type (const basic &other) const |
Returns true if two objects of same type are equal. More... | |
virtual unsigned | calchash () const |
Compute the hash value of an object and if it makes sense to store it in the objects status_flags, do so. More... | |
void | ensure_if_modifiable () const |
Ensure the object may be modified without hurting others, throws if this is not the case. More... | |
void | do_print (const print_context &c, unsigned level) const |
Default output to stream. More... | |
void | do_print_tree (const print_tree &c, unsigned level) const |
Tree output to stream. More... | |
void | do_print_python_repr (const print_python_repr &c, unsigned level) const |
Python parsable output to stream. More... | |
Protected Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::container_storage< C > | |
container_storage () | |
container_storage (size_t n, const ex &e) | |
container_storage (std::initializer_list< ex > il) | |
template<class In > | |
container_storage (In b, In e) | |
void | reserve (size_t) |
~container_storage () | |
void | reserve (size_t n) |
void | reserve (std::vector< ex > &v, size_t n) |
Protected Attributes | |
unsigned char | representation_label |
Representation label to distinguish independent spin lines. More... | |
ex | metric |
Metric of the space, all constructors make it an indexed object. More... | |
int | commutator_sign |
It is the sign in the definition e~i e~j +/- e~j e~i = B(i, j) + B(j, i) More... | |
Protected Attributes inherited from GiNaC::indexed | |
ex | symtree |
Index symmetry (tree of symmetry objects) More... | |
Protected Attributes inherited from GiNaC::basic | |
unsigned | flags |
of type status_flags More... | |
unsigned | hashvalue |
hash value More... | |
Protected Attributes inherited from GiNaC::container_storage< C > | |
STLT | seq |
Additional Inherited Members | |
Public Types inherited from GiNaC::container< C > | |
typedef STLT::const_iterator | const_iterator |
typedef STLT::const_reverse_iterator | const_reverse_iterator |
Protected Types inherited from GiNaC::container< C > | |
typedef container_storage< C >::STLT | STLT |
Protected Types inherited from GiNaC::container_storage< C > | |
typedef C< ex > | STLT |
Static Protected Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::container< C > | |
static unsigned | get_default_flags () |
Specialization of container::get_default_flags() for lst. More... | |
static char | get_open_delim () |
Specialization of container::get_open_delim() for lst. More... | |
static char | get_close_delim () |
Specialization of container::get_close_delim() for lst. More... | |
Static Protected Member Functions inherited from GiNaC::container_storage< C > | |
static void | reserve (STLT &, size_t) |
This class holds an object representing an element of the Clifford algebra (the Dirac gamma matrices).
These objects only carry Lorentz indices. Spinor indices are hidden. A representation label (an unsigned 8-bit integer) is used to distinguish elements from different Clifford algebras (objects with different labels commutate).
Definition at line 40 of file clifford.h.
GiNaC::clifford::clifford | ( | const ex & | b, |
unsigned char | rl = 0 |
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Construct object without any indices.
This constructor is for internal use only. Use the dirac_ONE() function instead.
Definition at line 96 of file clifford.cpp.
GiNaC::clifford::clifford | ( | const ex & | b, |
const ex & | mu, | ||
const ex & | metr, | ||
unsigned char | rl = 0 , |
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int | comm_sign = -1 |
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Construct object with one Lorentz index.
This constructor is for internal use only. Use the clifford_unit() or dirac_gamma() functions instead.
Definition at line 104 of file clifford.cpp.
References GINAC_ASSERT.
Definition at line 109 of file clifford.cpp.
Definition at line 113 of file clifford.cpp.
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Return relative operator precedence (for parenthezing output).
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 54 of file clifford.h.
Referenced by do_print_dflt(), and do_print_latex().
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Save (serialize) the object into archive node.
Archive the object.
Losely speaking, this method turns an expression into a byte stream (which can be saved and restored later on, or sent via network, etc.)
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 137 of file clifford.cpp.
References commutator_sign, metric, n, and representation_label.
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Load (deserialize) the object from an archive node.
Construct object from archive_node.
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 126 of file clifford.cpp.
References commutator_sign, metric, n, and representation_label.
Perform automatic simplification on noncommutative product of clifford objects.
This removes superfluous ONEs, permutes gamma5/L/R's to the front and removes squares of gamma objects.
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 529 of file clifford.cpp.
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Returns true if the attributes of two objects are similar enough for a match.
This function must not match subexpressions (this is already done by basic::match()). Only attributes not accessible by op() should be compared. This is also the reason why this function doesn't take the wildcard replacement list from match() as an argument: only subexpressions are subject to wildcard matches. Also, this function only needs to be implemented for container classes because is_equal_same_type() is automatically used instead of match_same_type() if nops() == 0.
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 247 of file clifford.cpp.
References commutator_sign, get_commutator_sign(), GINAC_ASSERT, representation_label, and same_metric().
Definition at line 693 of file clifford.cpp.
Definition at line 698 of file clifford.cpp.
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Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 62 of file clifford.h.
References GiNaC::return_types::noncommutative.
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overrideprotectedvirtual |
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 117 of file clifford.cpp.
References representation_label.
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inline |
Definition at line 66 of file clifford.h.
References representation_label.
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Definition at line 154 of file clifford.cpp.
References GiNaC::_ex1_2, GiNaC::ex::get_free_indices(), GiNaC::indexed::get_symmetry(), GiNaC::indexed::indexed(), metric, GiNaC::subs_options::no_pattern, GiNaC::ex::op(), GiNaC::indexed::simplify_indexed, GiNaC::ex::subs(), and GiNaC::symmetric2().
bool GiNaC::clifford::same_metric | ( | const ex & | other | ) | const |
Definition at line 177 of file clifford.cpp.
References GiNaC::ex::get_free_indices(), get_metric(), GiNaC::ex::is_equal(), GiNaC::ex::is_zero(), GiNaC::ex::op(), op(), and GiNaC::indexed::simplify_indexed.
Referenced by match_same_type().
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inline |
Definition at line 70 of file clifford.h.
References commutator_sign.
Referenced by match_same_type().
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inlineoverridevirtual |
Number of operands/members.
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 72 of file clifford.h.
References GiNaC::nops().
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overridevirtual |
Return operand/member at position i.
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 198 of file clifford.cpp.
References GINAC_ASSERT, nops(), GiNaC::op(), and representation_label.
Referenced by same_metric().
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overridevirtual |
Return modifiable operand/member at position i.
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 207 of file clifford.cpp.
References GiNaC::basic::ensure_if_modifiable(), GINAC_ASSERT, nops(), and representation_label.
Substitute a set of objects by arbitrary expressions.
The ex returned will already be evaluated.
Reimplemented from GiNaC::basic.
Definition at line 219 of file clifford.cpp.
References GiNaC::are_ex_trivially_equal(), c, m, options, GiNaC::subs(), and GiNaC::ex::subs().
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protected |
Definition at line 262 of file clifford.cpp.
References c, GiNaC::is_dirac_slash(), precedence(), GiNaC::indexed::printindices(), representation_label, and GiNaC::container_storage< C >::seq.
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Definition at line 285 of file clifford.cpp.
References c, GiNaC::is_dirac_slash(), precedence(), representation_label, and GiNaC::container_storage< C >::seq.
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Definition at line 298 of file clifford.cpp.
References c, GiNaC::basic::flags, GiNaC::basic::hashvalue, metric, GiNaC::ex::print(), GiNaC::indexed::printindices(), GiNaC::container_storage< C >::seq, and GiNaC::indexed::symtree.
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Representation label to distinguish independent spin lines.
Definition at line 84 of file clifford.h.
Referenced by archive(), do_print_dflt(), do_print_latex(), get_representation_label(), let_op(), match_same_type(), op(), read_archive(), and return_type_tinfo().
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Metric of the space, all constructors make it an indexed object.
Definition at line 85 of file clifford.h.
Referenced by archive(), do_print_tree(), get_metric(), and read_archive().
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It is the sign in the definition e~i e~j +/- e~j e~i = B(i, j) + B(j, i)
Definition at line 86 of file clifford.h.
Referenced by archive(), get_commutator_sign(), match_same_type(), and read_archive().